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The Journal of World Energy Law & Business Advance Access originally published online on September 1, 2009
The Journal of World Energy Law & Business 2009 2(3):219-242; doi:10.1093/jwelb/jwp014
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the AIPN. All rights reserved.

Russia’s evolving energy policy for its eastern regions, and implications for oil and gas cooperation between Russia and China

Leonty Eder*, Philip Andrews-Speed** and Andrey Korzhubaev***

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   1. Introduction
 
Cooperation between Russia and China began in the early 1950s when the Soviet Union provided China with the technology and skills required to develop a modern oil industry. This assistance was withdrawn in 1958 as Sino-Russian relations deteriorated. During the following decades, each country developed its oil and gas industries independently of each other. Russia became a major exporter of natural gas to Europe, whilst China became a significant exporter of oil, mainly to East Asia.

This situation changed in the early 1990s for two reasons. First, the collapse of the Soviet Union triggered a transformation of policies and incentives within the newly independent states, including within the Russian Federation. Second, China itself was becoming a net importer of oil and was starting to understand the potential benefits of increasing the use of natural gas for its energy supply. By the mid-1990s, government agencies and energy companies in both Russia . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   2. The early project proposals
 
The Russian oil and gas industry in the 1990s
Proposed oil exports by rail and pipeline
Proposed gas export pipeline

   3. Reform of priorities and structures after 2000
 
New structures, systems and players
Official energy policy for eastern Russia
Immediate implications for cooperation

   4. Developments in oil cooperation since 2005
 
Ongoing oil exports
New export pipeline projects
Joint ventures in the oil sector
Outlook for oil cooperation

   5. Developments in gas cooperation since 2005
 
The Kovytke project
Alternative export routes from eastern Russia
Gas export from west Siberia
Outlook for gas cooperation

   6. Conclusion
 

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